John the Apostle[10] (Ancient Greek: ; Latin: Ioannes[11] c.6 AD c.100 AD; Ge'ez: ;) or Saint John the Beloved was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. In the Gospel of John, the author uses the one whom Jesus loved five times to refer to a disciple who was particularly close to Jesus. [67] John's traditional tomb is thought to be located in the former basilica of Saint John at Seluk, a small town in the vicinity of Ephesus. [Jn 13:2325] After the arrest of Jesus, Peter and the "other disciple" (according to tradition, John) followed him into the palace of the high-priest. The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. He was instrumental in the conversion of St. Paul. Along with James and Peter, John was one of Jesus closest confidants, so he appears in more biblical accounts than the other disciples. In the end, we cant say for sure that he did or didnt write them. The Quran also speaks of Jesus's disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as "supporters for [the cause of] Allah". The Apostles John, James, and Peter were known to be pillars of the Christian community after Jesus died. [64] According to tradition, after the Assumption of Mary, John went to Ephesus. [88] Other common attributes include a book or scroll, in reference to the writings traditionally attributed to him, and an eagle,[90] which is argued to symbolize the high-soaring, inspirational quality of these writings. We might never know. 5. The Apostle John is a well-known gospel figure. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. They were in a boat with their father Zebedee, preparing their nets. John was the son of Zebedee, a Galilean fisherman, and Salome. 6 Feb. 2013", Lost Christianities: the battles for scripture and the faiths we never knew. It was around 95 C.E., and John was perhaps again in Ephesus following his exile on the nearby island of Patmos. It was widely circulated by the second century CE but deemed heretical at the Second Council of Nicaea (787 CE). . Saint Peter Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts, Tribe of Levi in the Bible | Levites, Facts, Symbol & History. Or better yet, ask them which ancient source they are referring to that says so. [22], John the Apostle is traditionally believed to be one of two disciples (the other being Andrew) recounted in John 1:3539, who upon hearing the Baptist point out Jesus as the "Lamb of God," followed Jesus and spent the day with him. When was John born? To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. These Acts are also the source of the notion that John became a disciple as a very young man. One of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament, a son of Zebedee, and a brother of James. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [35] Around 600, however, Sophronius of Jerusalem noted that two epistles bearing his name are considered by some to be the work of a certain John the Elder and, while stating that Revelation was written by John of Patmos, it was later translated by Justin Martyr and Irenaeus,[1] presumably in an attempt to reconcile tradition with the obvious differences in Greek style. We do have another post exploring the Gospel of John though, and youre welcome to download the infographic in this post. Prophet's Sirah by Ibn Hisham, Chapter: Sending messengers of Allah's Messenger to kings, p.870, Musnad el Imam Ahmad Volume 4, Publisher: Dar al Fikr, p.72, Hadith#17225, Jadranka Prolovi, "Socrates and St. John the Apostle: the interchangable similarity of their portraits", *Carolyn S. Jerousek, "Christ and St. John the Evangelist as a Model of Medieval Mysticism", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, Saint John the Apostle, patron saint archive, "The Disciples of John and the Odes of Solomon", "John 19 Commentary William Barclay's Daily Study Bible", "John, The Apostle International Standard Bible Encyclopedia", "Fonck, Leopold. Print. But perhaps the most well-known example of the one whom Jesus loved comes in John 20 after Jesus died on the cross, when Mary Magdalene discovers the empty tomb. What position John held in the controversy concerning the admission of the Gentiles to the church is not known; the evidence is insufficient for a theory that the Johannine school was anti-Paulinei.e., opposed to granting Gentiles membership in the church. 90 100), is applicable. John is traditionally regarded as the author of five books of the Bible: the Gospel of John, the epistles 1 John, 2 John, and 3 John, and the Book of Revelation, although some Bible scholars dispute which of these (if any) he actually wrote. To him be glory and empire for ever and ever. The Apostle John was born in and grew up in Galilee, and was the son of a fisherman named Zebedee and his wife, Salome. He is also known as John the Forerunner in Christianity, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christian traditions, and Prophet Yahya in Islam.He is sometimes alternatively referred to as John the Baptiser.. John is mentioned by the Roman Jewish . Since James is consistently listed first whenever the two are named in the Bible, it is assumed that John was the younger of the two. At this time also, the church of Ephesus claimed to possess the autograph of the Fourth Gospel. [36] Some scholars place the Gospel of John somewhere between AD 65 and 85;[37][pageneeded] John Robinson proposes an initial edition by 5055 and then a final edition by 65 due to narrative similarities with Paul. The Apostle John was most notably the only one of the twelve left with Jesus to witness the crucifixion. John taught Ignatius of Antioch as well, whom Peter eventually appointed as the bishop of Antioch. It was about four in the afternoon. Eusebius interpreted this list as clear evidence that there were two JohnsJohn the Apostle and John the Presbyterbut church tradition has generally assumed that Papias simply made two references to the same person. Polycarp taught Irenaeus, passing on to him stories about John. The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite commemorate the "Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian" on 26 September. The tribe of Benjamin is significant for a number of reasons. If it were, my followers would fight to keep me from being handed over to the Jewish leaders. His mother's name was Salome who is believed to be a sister of Jesus' mother Mary. See also Apostle; Gospels; Melchizedek Priesthood; Revelation of John; Translated Beings. His mother was among those women who ministered to the circle of disciples. Today, Johns gospel is one of the best tools for evangelism that Christians haveif not the best. ". Create your account. John played a predominant role in the early Christian Church, and the book of Acts in the New Testament describes his work as an apostle. Paul went through that door and brought the gospel to the Israelites living in the nations abroad in Europe and the British Isles. However, most modern critical scholars have their doubts. The apostle Paul was from the tribe of Benjamin. And we will never be able to measure the impact hes had on Christianity and the world. John was allegedly banished by the Roman authorities to the Greek island of Patmos, where, according to tradition, he wrote the Book of Revelation. The Apostle John is the only one of the twelve who was not martyred and who stood at the foot of the cross with Jesus's mother during the crucifixion. Vol. So who was the Apostle John? [88], In Medieval and through to Renaissance works of painting, sculpture and literature, Saint John is often presented in an androgynous or feminized manner. At the meal itself, the "disciple whom Jesus loved" sat next to Jesus. [93] Historians have related such portrayals to the circumstances of the believers for whom they were intended. The disciple whom Jesus loved is referred to, specifically, six times in the Gospel of John: None of the other Gospels has anyone in the parallel scenes that could be directly understood as the Beloved Disciple. Anabaptist Beliefs & History | What are Anabaptists? While some details of John's life are debated, it is generally agreed that John spent his last days in Ephesus after establishing a church there. At least he mentions them frequently by name, and gives their traditions in his writings. And he brought him to Jesus. John 1:3542a. Among such offenses were the practices of magic and astrology. "[65] From Ephesus he wrote the three epistles attributed to him. The majority of what we know about John the Apostle comes from Christian tradition and the New Testament of the Bible. "Authors, Books, and Readers in the Ancient World", "De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) Chapter 9 & 18", "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story", Eastern Orthodox icon and Synaxarion of Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist (May 8), Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_the_Apostle&oldid=1133801177, Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle. In the Tridentine Calendar, he was commemorated also on each of the following days up to and including 3 January, the Octave of the 27 December feast. In Byzantine art he appears old, with a long white beard and hair. John is also known for being one of the three closest disciples of Jesus, preparing the place for the Last Supper, witnessing Jesus raising Jairus's daughter from the dead, being present for the Transfiguration, and being present in the Garden of Gethsemane the night before the crucifixion. So what do we make of this? The book of Acts describes John as a pillar of the early Christian Church, having worked to establish churches in Ephesus and across Asia Minor. James as the "sons of Zebedee". Heres Eusebius argument, based on the fragment from Papias: It is worthwhile observing here that the name John is twice enumerated by him. Along with Peter and James, John was one of the twelve disciples often singled out in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. With St. Peter, they formed a nucleus of intimate disciples. The word "Apostle" means "messenger; one who has been sent." The 12 Apostles were messengers sent into the world for a fixed purpose, with specific instructions from the Lord. When he emerged unharmed, the entire coliseum converted to Christianity. The following nine apostles are identified by name: Peter Andrew (identified as Peter's brother) the sons of Zebedee (plural form implies at least two apostles) Philip But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. When Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians, a false teacher had told them that in order to follow Christ, they needed to follow the Mosaic Law. John went on to preach the gospel throughout the Roman Empire, which would not prove easy as Christians, specifically those spreading the gospel, faced persecution. In Genesis, the patriarch Jacob - son of Isaac, son of Abraham - had twelve sons who became the founders of the twelve tribes of Israel. He started out as a bit of an arrogant man, and was somewhat of a loose cannon, but as time went on and he walked with Jesus, he became more mellow. The Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark report the call of the first disciples by the Sea of Galilee: As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, called Peter and his brother Andrew. Answer The word apostle means "one who is sent out." In the New Testament, there are two primary usages of the word apostle. If so, he John: Travelled and spread the . In case you missed the three references to it, the one whom Jesus loved was faster than Peter. What we have are legends, about some of the apostles chiefly Peter, Paul, Thomas, Andrew, and John. The night before Jesus was to be crucified, he took John, James, and Peter with him to the Garden of Gethsemane. Your email address will not be published. James and John were the cousins of Jesus and most likely from the Tribe of Judah. The feast day of Saint John in the Roman Catholic Church, which calls him "Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist", and in the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Calendars, which call him "Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist", is on 27 December. Peter was originally named Simon. John is a familiar figure in most of the scenes with Jesus and the disciples. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome. ". The apostle Paul declares that there is "one mediator between God and men, a man, Christ Jesus, who gave himself a corresponding ransom for all" for both Jews and Gentiles. One of the first disciples of Jesus and brother of James John, a Galilean fisherman, was the son of Zebedee and brother of James. [41], Nonetheless, today many theological scholars continue to accept the traditional authorship. When the Apostle John witnesses the Ascension of Jesus Christ into Heaven after the Resurrection: And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. King Saul of Israel: History & Timeline | Who Was the First King of Israel? John the Baptist was preaching repentance, "Prepare the way of the Lord" and the disciple John was one of those who had followed him. "St. John the Evangelist." Philip the Apostle Biography & Death | Who is Philip in the Bible? He was also responsible for introducing another of the apostles, Bartholomew, to Jesus. John is known as the son of Zebedee and the brother of James. He is considered the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos and the Beloved Disciple. Then he was exiled to Patmos for preaching the gospel, where he received the revelation from Christ and wrote the Book of Revelation. John the Baptist (c. 1st century BC - c. AD 30) was a Judaean mission preacher active in the area of Jordan River in the early 1st century AD. . Paul Christ had chosen Paul for a threefold purpose - "to bear [His] name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel" (Acts 9:15). The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, We have found the Messiah (that is, the Christ). With St. Peter, they formed a nucleus of intimate disciples. He writes as follows: "There are men of Israel in the land of Persia who say that in the mountains dwell four of the tribes of Israel, namely, the tribe of Dan, the tribe of Zevulun, the tribe of Asher, and the tribe of Naphtali. Haveif not the best tools for evangelism that Christians haveif not the best Antioch as well whom! Some of the twelve left with Jesus to witness the crucifixion among such were... Revelation from Christ and wrote the Book of Revelation cant say for that. 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